Avian influenza viruses (AIV) ndi gulu la ma virus omwe amapatsira mbalame makamaka, komanso amatha kupatsira anthu ndi nyama zina.Kachilomboka kamapezeka m’mbalame zam’tchire monga abakha ndi atsekwe, koma zimathanso kugwira mbalame zowetedwa monga nkhuku, turkeys ndi zinziri.Kachilomboka kakhoza kufalikira kudzera m'njira zopumira komanso m'mimba ndipo kumayambitsa matenda ocheperako kapena oopsa kwa mbalame.
Pali mitundu ingapo ya kachilombo ka chimfine cha avian, ena mwa iwo omwe ayambitsa matenda a mbalame ndi anthu.Mmodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi H5N1, yomwe idadziwika koyamba mwa anthu mu 1997 ku Hong Kong.Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, H5N1 yayambitsa miliri yambiri ya mbalame ndi anthu ku Asia, Europe, ndi Africa, ndipo yapha anthu mazana angapo.
Pakati pa Disembala 23, 2022 ndi 5 Januware 2023, palibe milandu yatsopano yokhudzana ndi kachilombo ka avian fuluwenza A(H5N1) yomwe idanenedwa ku WHO ku Western Pacific Region. Kachilombo ka A(H5N1) kakhalapo
lipoti kuchokera ku mayiko anayi mkati mwa Western Pacific Region kuyambira Januware 2003 (Table 1).Mwa milandu iyi, 135 idapha, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti milandu yakufa (CFR) ya 56%.Nkhani yomaliza idanenedwa kuchokera ku China, yomwe idayamba pa 22 Seputembala 2022 ndipo idamwalira pa 18 Okutobala 2022. Iyi ndi nkhani yoyamba ya chimfine cha avian A(H5N1) chomwe chinanenedwa kuchokera ku China kuyambira 2015.
Wina kupsyinjika kwa avian fuluwenza HIV, H7N9, poyamba kudziwika anthu China mu 2013. Monga H5N1, H7N9 makamaka matenda mbalame, komanso kungayambitse matenda aakulu anthu.Chiyambireni kupezeka, H7N9 yadzetsa miliri ingapo ku China, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mazana ambiri atenge matenda ndi kufa kwa anthu.
Avian chimfine HIV ndi nkhawa thanzi la munthu pa zifukwa zingapo.Choyamba, kachilomboka kamatha kusinthika ndikusintha kutengera kwatsopano, ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha mliri.Ngati mtundu wa virus wa chimfine wa avian ungapatsidwe mosavuta kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu, zitha kuyambitsa kufalikira kwa matenda padziko lonse lapansi.Chachiwiri, kachilomboka kamayambitsa matenda oopsa komanso kufa kwa anthu.Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka chimfine cha avian akhala ochepa kapena asymptomatic, mitundu ina ya kachilomboka ingayambitse matenda aakulu a kupuma, kulephera kwa ziwalo, ndi imfa.
Kupewa ndi kuwongolera kachilombo ka chimfine cha avian kumaphatikizapo njira zingapo, kuphatikiza kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa mbalame, kupha mbalame zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka, komanso katemera wa mbalame.Kuonjezela apo, n’kofunika kuti anthu amene amagwila nchito ndi mbalame kapena ogwila nkhuku azicita zaukhondo, monga kusamba m’manja pafupipafupi ndi kuvala zovala zodziteteza.
Pakachitika mliri wa avian influenza virus, ndikofunikira kuti akuluakulu aboma achitepo kanthu mwachangu kuti aletse kufalikira kwa kachilomboka.Izi zitha kuphatikiza kutsekereza anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka komanso omwe amalumikizana nawo pafupi, kuwapatsa mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zachipatala monga kutsekedwa kwa sukulu komanso kuletsa misonkhano ya anthu.
Pomaliza, kachilombo ka chimfine cha avian ndi chowopsa kwambiri ku thanzi la anthu chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kuyambitsa mliri wapadziko lonse lapansi komanso matenda oopsa mwa anthu.Ngakhale kuyesayesa kukuchitika pofuna kupewa ndi kuletsa kufalikira kwa kachilomboka, kukhala tcheru ndi kufufuza ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha mliri ndikuteteza thanzi la anthu.
Source:https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/365675/AI-20230106.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-15-2023