Salmonella ndi gulu la gram-negative enterobacteria m'banja la Enterobacteriaceae.Mu 1880, Eberth anapeza Salmonella typhi poyamba.Mu 1885, Salmon anaika Salmonella kolera mu nkhumba.Mu 1988, Gartner analekanitsa Salmonella enteritidis kwa odwala pachimake gastroenteritis.Ndipo mu 1900, kalasilo anatchedwa Salmonella.
Pakalipano, zochitika za poizoni wa Salmonella zafalitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi ndipo zochitika zikuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka.
Makhalidwe a pathogenic
Salmonella ndi mabakiteriya a Gram-negative okhala ndi ndodo yaifupi, kukula kwa thupi (0,6 ~ 0.9) μm × (1 ~ 3) μm, mapeto onse ozungulira, omwe samapanga nyemba ndi spores.Ndi flagella, Salmonella ndi motile.
Bakiteriya alibe zofunikira pazakudya, ndipo chikhalidwe chodzipatula nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsa ntchito njira yozindikiritsa matumbo.
Mumtsuko, sing'angayo imakhala yaphokoso kenako imalowa mu agar sing'anga pambuyo pa makulitsidwe 24h kuti ipange timagulu tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tambiri totuwa toyera.Onani Zithunzi 1-1 ndi 1-2.
Chithunzi 1-1 Salmonella pansi pa maikulosikopu pambuyo pakudetsa kwa Gram
Chithunzi 2-3 Colony morphology ya Salmonella pa sing'anga ya chromogenic
Mawonekedwe a Epidemiological
Salmonella amafalitsidwa kwambiri mu chilengedwe, anthu ndi nyama monga nkhumba, ng'ombe, akavalo, nkhosa, nkhuku, abakha, atsekwe, etc. ndi makamu ake.
Salmonella ochepa ali ndi makamu osankhidwa, monga Salmonella abortus mu akavalo, Salmonella abortus mu ng'ombe, ndi Salmonella abortus mu nkhosa amachititsa kuchotsa mimba mu akavalo, ng'ombe, ndi nkhosa motsatira;Salmonella typhimurium imangowononga nkhumba;Salmonella zina sizifunikira makamu apakatikati, ndipo zimafalikira mosavuta pakati pa nyama ndi nyama, nyama ndi anthu, ndi anthu kudzera munjira zachindunji kapena zosalunjika.
Njira yayikulu yofalitsira Salmonella ndi m'mimba, ndipo mazira, nkhuku, ndi nyama ndizomwe zimanyamula salmonellosis.
Matenda a Salmonella mwa anthu ndi nyama akhoza kukhala asymptomatic ndi mabakiteriya kapena amatha kuwonetsa ngati matenda oopsa omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zachipatala, zomwe zingapangitse kuti matendawa achuluke, kuonjezera chiwerengero cha imfa kapena kuchepetsa kubereka kwa nyama.
Matenda a Salmonella amadalira makamaka mtundu wa Salmonella ndi momwe thupi la munthu amachitira.Salmonella kolera ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kwambiri mu nkhumba, ndikutsatiridwa ndi Salmonella typhimurium, ndi Salmonella bakha sakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;omwe akuopsezedwa kwambiri ndi ana, okalamba, ndi anthu omwe alibe chitetezo chamthupi, ndipo ngakhale zochepa kapena zochepa za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zimatha kuyambitsa poizoni wa chakudya komanso zizindikiro zoopsa kwambiri zachipatala.
Zowopsa
Salmonella ndiye tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ofunikira kwambiri m'banja la Enterobacteriaceae ndipo ali ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu chakupha poyizoni wa bakiteriya.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention inanena kuti Salmonella anali ndi udindo wa 33 mwa zochitika zakupha za mabakiteriya a 84 zomwe zinachitika ku United States ku 1973, zomwe zimawerengera kuchuluka kwa poizoni wa zakudya ndi poizoni wa 2,045.
Lipoti la pachaka la 2018 la zochitika ndi magwero a zoonoses lofalitsidwa ndi European Food Safety Authority ndi European Center for Disease Prevention and Control limasonyeza kuti pafupifupi 1/3 ya matenda obwera chifukwa cha zakudya ku EU amayamba ndi Salmonella komanso kuti salmonellosis ndi yachiwiri kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amanenedwa kuti ali ndi matenda am'mimba amunthu ku EU (milandu 91,857 idanenedwa), pambuyo pa campylobacteriosis (milandu 246,571).Poyizoni wazakudya za Salmonella ndizomwe zimayambitsa 40% ya poizoni wazakudya za bakiteriya m'maiko ena.
Chimodzi mwa zochitika zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse za salmonella poyizoni wa chakudya chinachitika mu 1953 pamene anthu 7,717 anapha poizoni ndipo 90 anafa ku Sweden chifukwa chodya nkhumba yomwe ili ndi S. typhimurium.
Salmonella ndi yoyipa kwambiri, ndipo m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku mungapewe bwanji matendawa ndikufalitsa?
1.Limbikitsani ukhondo wazakudya komanso kasamalidwe ka zosakaniza.Pewani kuti nyama, mazira, ndi mkaka zisaipitsidwe pamene mukusunga.Osadya nyama yaiwisi, nsomba, ndi mazira.Musamadye nyama ya nkhuku yodwala kapena yakufa kapena ya ziweto.
2.Popeza ntchentche, mphemvu ndi makoswe ndi amkhalapakati pakufalitsa Salmonella.Choncho, tiyenera kuchita ntchito yabwino yopha ntchentche, makoswe, ndi mphemvu kuti chakudya chisaipitsidwe.
3.Sinthani madyedwe oyipa ndi makhalidwe abwino kuti chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chitetezeke.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-03-2023