Shigella: Mliri Wachete Umene Umawopseza Thanzi Lathu ndi Umoyo Wathu

Shigella ndi mtundu wa mabakiteriya a gram-negative omwe amachititsa shigellosis, mtundu waukulu wa matenda otsekula m'mimba omwe amatha kupha moyo ngati sakuthandizidwa.Shigellosis ndi vuto lalikulu laumoyo wa anthu, makamaka m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene omwe alibe ukhondo komanso ukhondo.

Matenda a Shigella ndi ovuta ndipo amaphatikizapo zinthu zingapo zowonongeka, kuphatikizapo kuthekera kwa mabakiteriya kuti alowe ndi kubwereza mkati mwa epithelium ya m'mimba.Shigella imapanganso poizoni angapo, kuphatikizapo poizoni wa Shiga ndi lipopolysaccharide endotoxin, zomwe zingayambitse kutupa, kuwonongeka kwa minofu, ndi kamwazi.

Zizindikiro za shigellosis nthawi zambiri zimayamba ndi kutsegula m'mimba, kutentha thupi, ndi kukokana m'mimba.Kutsekula m'mimba kumatha kukhala kwamadzi kapena magazi ndipo kumatha kutsagana ndi ntchofu kapena mafinya.Zikavuta kwambiri, shigellosis imatha kuyambitsa kutaya madzi m'thupi, kusalinganika kwa electrolyte, ngakhale kufa.

Kupatsirana kwa Shigella kumachitika makamaka kudzera m'chimbudzi ndi m'kamwa, makamaka mwa kudya chakudya kapena madzi oipitsidwa kapena kukhudzana ndi malo kapena zinthu zomwe zili ndi kachilombo.Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timathanso kufalikira kudzera m’kukhudzana ndi munthu ndi munthu, makamaka pamene pali anthu ambiri kapena mwauve.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, matenda a Shigella apitilira kubweretsa vuto lalikulu lazaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi.Bungwe la World Health Organisation (WHO) lidadziwitsidwa pa 4 February 2022 za kuchuluka kwachilendo kwa matenda a Shigella sonnei osamva mankhwala osokoneza bongo (XDR) omwe adanenedwa ku United Kingdom ndi Northern Ireland ndi maiko ena angapo ku European Region kuyambira kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2021. Ngakhale kuti matenda ambiri a S. sonnei amabweretsa matenda kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kufa kwa anthu ochepa, kusagwirizana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo (MDR) ndi XDR shigellosis ndizodetsa nkhawa za thanzi la anthu chifukwa njira zachipatala ndizochepa kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi pakati kapena ovuta kwambiri.

Matenda a Shigellosis amapezeka m'mayiko omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa kapena zapakati (LMICs) ndipo ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda otsegula m'mimba padziko lonse lapansi.Chaka chilichonse, akuti amayambitsa matenda otsekula m'mimba pafupifupi 80 miliyoni ndi kufa 700,000.Pafupifupi matenda onse (99%) a Shigella amapezeka mu LMICs, ndipo nthawi zambiri (~ 70%), ndi imfa (~ 60%), zimachitika mwa ana osakwana zaka zisanu.Akuti <1% ya milandu imathandizidwa kuchipatala.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonekera kwa mitundu yolimbana ndi maantibayotiki ya Shigella kwakhala nkhawa yayikulu, pomwe zigawo zambiri zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa kukana kwa maantibayotiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza shigellosis.Ngakhale kuti kuyesetsa kukonza ukhondo ndi ukhondo komanso kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha maantibayotiki moyenera kukuchitika, kupitirizabe tcheru ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wa zaumoyo ndizofunikira kuti athetse chiwopsezo cha matenda a Shigella.

Chithandizo cha shigellosis nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizapo maantibayotiki, koma kukana mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kukuchulukirachulukira.Choncho, njira zopewera, monga kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zaukhondo ndi ukhondo, kuonetsetsa kuti chakudya ndi madzi otetezeka, komanso kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha maantibayotiki moyenera, ndizofunikira kwambiri poletsa kufalikira kwa Shigella ndi kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha shigellosis.